Male-On-Male Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse in the Caribbean Region of Colombia: A Secondary Analysis of Medico-Legal Reports.

Child and adolescent sexual abuse (CSA) is an important global health problem, especially in non-Western low- and middle-income countries. A number of studies have indicated that, in Latin American countries, male CSA is phenomenon of great concern. However, research on this topic is seriously lacking, and more specifically, on male-on-male CSA. We carried out a qualitative and quantitative secondary analysis of 680 cases of alleged male-on-male CSA that occurred between the years 2017 and 2018 in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. We analyzed the contents of forensic interviews with the alleged victims, conducted by professionals working at the Colombian Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences. Our findings indicated a high prevalence of cases of alleged male-on-male CSA among young minors. Most of these cases were allegedly perpetrated by offenders known to the victim and involved high levels of violence. Evidence-based and culturally grounded preventative actions, such as training-based programs for teachers and parents among other public health initiatives are needed to address this type of CSA. Further research is also required to gain a more fine-grained understanding of the cultural and social context of CSA in the Caribbean Latin American countries.

Dropout, Autonomy and Reintegration in Spain: A Study of the Life of Young Women on Temporary Release.

This study analyses the psycho-educational and social paths of women prisoners after the time they drop out of school as minors, based on different variables related to autonomy and their preparedness to face temporary release. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyse a national sample of 310 women prisoners (30.1% of the population) in 31 prisons through a mixed-mode questionnaire and interview. We analysed the significant association of variables related to dropout and obtained a log-linear model that relates dropout to recidivism and Roma culture. Work experience was analysed using the McNemar test, and variables influencing the participant's job at the time of the study were analysed by applying cluster analysis. RESULTS: Young women comprise 66.6% of individuals who drop of the education system as minors (primary 49.3% and secondary 22%). They drop out between the ages of 7 and 17, and have traits of greater vulnerability than those who stayed in school until adulthood. In this population, we find a significant association with various factors: belonging to Roma culture, having family members in prison and delinquent recidivism; and higher unemployment (43.4%) and low income before entering prison. This situation is increasing today. In prison, these women had more connection to education/training, which can improve their employability. They also encounter difficulties with personal security, decision-making, personal/professional dependence, planning for the future, administrative matters and handling information and communication technologies, job-seeking skills, etc. Their self-perceived strengths are, however, assuming responsibility, taking orders, respecting schedules and timetables, working on a team and feeling prepared to start a job, as well as having optimistic convictions about the future. CONCLUSION: The vulnerabilities and risk factors studied have a negative influence primarily on processes of personal, social and job autonomy in female minors who left the education system. Yet these minors show factors of protection and resilience. On temporary release at the time of the study, they face the consequences that their prison terms and incarceration have for their perceptions, attitudes, competencies and future prospects, as well as social marginalization and stigma. Early, coherent socio-educational interventions are thus needed to improve social integration-reintegration.

¿Desarrollo humano en contextos punitivos? Análisis socioeducativo desde las vulnerabilidades sociales y el género / Human development in punitive contexts? A socio-educational analysis from the point of view of social vulnerabilities and gender / Desenvolvimento humano em contextos punitivos? Análise sócio-educativa de vulnerabilidades sociais e de gênero

Resumen El objetivo es analizar las diversas condiciones de vida y realidades de las mujeres en un contexto punitivo de especial vulnerabilidad social, desde la perspectiva socioeducativa y de género, teniendo como marco referencial el desarrollo humano, que sirva como base de propuestas de mejora en pro del ejercicio de los derechos humanos. Se enmarca en una investigación desarrollada en todo el territorio español, con una muestra de 538 mujeres reclusas (17 % población total femenina penitenciaria), a quienes se aplicaron cuestionarios mixtos, y se emplearon métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Concretamente, se abordan resultados que hacen parte de los indicadores valorados dentro del constructo del desarrollo humano: educación, salud y adicción a drogas, situación laboral y económica, así como los relacionados con las trayectorias personales, familiares y sociales de estas mujeres, tanto previas a la condena como en el momento de la reclusión. Se evidencia en los resultados que los distintos factores relacionados con el desarrollo humano influyen o condicionan la enorme vulnerabilidad de esta población. Asimismo, se ponen de manifiesto las debilidades o vacíos del paradigma del desarrollo humano y de los índices aplicados internacionalmente, al obviar las características y peculiaridades de grupos vulnerables específicos en cada contexto, como es la población penitenciaria. Todo con el fin de sentar las bases para una intervención socioeducativa y toma de posturas en las políticas sociales relacionadas.

Abstract The objective consists of analyzing the diverse life conditions and realities of women in a punitive context of special social vulnerability from the socio-educational and gender perspective, with human development seen as the reference frame serving as the ground for improvement proposals in favor of the exercise of human rights. It is framed within a research developed across the Spanish territory, with a sample of 538 women prisoners (17% of the total female prison population), to whom mixed questionnaires were applied while employing qualitative and quantitative research methods. Specifically, results making part of the indicators assessed within the construct of human development, i.e.: education, health and drug addiction, and labor and economic situation as well as those relating to the personal, family and social paths or profesional careers of these women both prior to conviction and at the time of their reclusion. It becomes evident in the results that the different factors associated to human development do indeed influence and condition the enormous vulnerability of this population. Likewise, the weaknesses and gaps or blanks found in the paradigm of human development are manifest as well as the indices internationally applied by turning a blind eye to the features and peculiarities of specific vulnerable groups in each context, like prison population. And all of this undertaken for the purpose of laying the foundations for a socio-educational intervention and concerning the adoption of stands regarding the related social policies.

Resumo O objetivo é analisar as diferentes condições de vida e realidades das mulheres em um contexto punitivo de vulnerabilidade social especial, do ponto de vista sócio-educacional e de gênero, tomando como marco de referência o desenvolvimento humano, que serve como base das propostas de melhoria em pró do exercício dos direitos humanos. É parte de uma pesquisa realizada em todo o território espanhol, com uma amostra de 538 mulheres prisioneiras (17% da população feminina total na prisão), que responderam pesquisas mixturadas, e foram utilizados métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Especificamente, abordam-se resultados que fazem parte dos indicadores medidos dentro da construção do desenvolvimento humano: educação, saúde e toxico O objetivo é analisar as diferentes condições de vida e realidades das mulheres em um contexto punitivo de vulnerabilidade social especial, do ponto de vista sócio-educacional e de gênero, tomando como marco de referência o desenvolvimento humano, que serve como base das propostas de melhoria em pró do exercício dos direitos humanos. É parte de uma pesquisa realizada em todo o território espanhol, com uma amostra de 538 mulheres prisioneiras (17% da população feminina total na prisão), que responderam pesquisas mixturadas, e foram utilizados métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Especificamente, abordam-se resultados que fazem parte dos indicadores medidos dentro da construção do desenvolvimento humano: educação, saúde e toxicodependência, emprego e status econômico, bem como os relacionados com trajetórias pessoais, familiares e sociais dessas mulheres, tanto antes da condenação quato no momento da detenção. É evidente a partir dos resultados que diferentes fatores influenciam o desenvolvimento humano ou condicionam a enorme vulnerabilidade dessa população. Além disso, mostra os pontos fracos ou lacunas no paradigma do desenvolvimento humano e os índices aplicados internacionalmente, ao obviar as características e peculiaridades de grupos vulneráveis específicos em cada contexto, como é a população da prisão. Todos, a fim de estabelecer as bases para uma intervenção sócio-educativa e que tomam posições sobre políticas sociais relacionadas.